铁路车辆识别系统是指在固定的地点读取、处理铁路车辆上标注的型号和号码的技术和设备。铁路运营部门为了管理货车车辆的编发和交接，以及空车的分配和车辆的定期检修，必须进行车号采集，以便及时、准确地掌握货车所在位置和使用情况。车号采集系统改变由车号员手工抄录车号的传统方法，在每辆车上装有能反映车辆特征的无源(或有源)识别卡，在铁路沿线的相关固定点设置地面读取设备，它一直在发送无线询问信息，当车辆接近并通过其作用区域时，自动读取车载识别卡的信息。地茜设备将读取的车号数据信息进行放大、解译、校核处理后送至管理中心自动储存记录和打印。
The railway vehicle identification system refers to the technology and equipment for reading and processing the model and number marked on the railway vehicle at a fixed place. In order to manage the distribution and handover of freight cars, as well as the distribution of empty cars and the regular maintenance of vehicles, the railway operation Department must carry out the collection of vehicle number in order to timely and accurately grasp the location and use of freight cars. The train number acquisition system changes the traditional method of manually recording the train number by the train number clerk. Each train is equipped with a passive (or active) identification card that can reflect the characteristics of the train. The ground reading equipment is set at the relevant fixed points along the railway line. It has been sending wireless inquiry information. When the train approaches and passes through its functional area, it automatically reads the information of the on-board identification card. Dixi equipment will amplify, interpret and check the read data of vehicle number and send it to the management center for automatic storage, recording and printing.